ApplicationContext Classe

Definição

public ref class ApplicationContext

public ref class ApplicationContext : IDisposable

public class ApplicationContext

public class ApplicationContext : IDisposable

type ApplicationContext = class

type ApplicationContext = class
    interface IDisposable

Public Class ApplicationContext

Public Class ApplicationContext
Implements IDisposable

Herança

Object

ApplicationContext

Implementações

IDisposable

Exemplos

O seguinte exemplo de código mostra dois formulários e sai da aplicação quando ambos estão encerrados. Quando a candidatura começa e termina, a posição de cada formulário é memorizada. Este exemplo demonstra como usar um ApplicationContext, juntamente com o Application.Run(context) método, para mostrar múltiplos formulários quando a aplicação começa.

A classe MyApplicationContext herda e ApplicationContext acompanha quando cada formulário está fechado, e sai do thread atual quando ambos estão. A classe armazena as posições de cada formulário para o utilizador. Os dados de posição do formulário são armazenados num ficheiro Appdata.txt intitulado que é criado na localização determinada por UserAppDataPath.

O Main método chama Application.Run(context) para iniciar a aplicação, dado o ApplicationContext.

#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Text;
using namespace System::IO;

// A simple form that represents a window in our application
public ref class AppForm2: public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
public:
   AppForm2()
   {
      this->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 300, 300 );
      this->Text = "AppForm2";
   }

};

// A simple form that represents a window in our application
public ref class AppForm1: public System::Windows::Forms::Form
{
public:
   AppForm1()
   {
      this->Size = System::Drawing::Size( 300, 300 );
      this->Text = "AppForm1";
   }

};

// The class that handles the creation of the application windows
ref class MyApplicationContext: public ApplicationContext
{
private:
   int _formCount;
   AppForm1^ _form1;
   AppForm2^ _form2;
   System::Drawing::Rectangle _form1Position;
   System::Drawing::Rectangle _form2Position;
   FileStream^ _userData;

public:

   MyApplicationContext()
   {
      _formCount = 0;
      
      // Handle the ApplicationExit event to know when the application is exiting.
      Application::ApplicationExit += gcnew EventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnApplicationExit );
      try
      {
         
         // Create a file that the application will store user specific data in.
         _userData = gcnew FileStream( String::Concat( Application::UserAppDataPath, "\\appdata.txt" ),FileMode::OpenOrCreate );
      }
      catch ( IOException^ e ) 
      {
         
         // Inform the user that an error occurred.
         MessageBox::Show( "An error occurred while attempting to show the application. The error is: {0}", dynamic_cast<String^>(e) );
         
         // Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
         ExitThread();
      }

      
      // Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
      // to know when both forms are closed.
      _form1 = gcnew AppForm1;
      _form1->Closed += gcnew EventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosed );
      _form1->Closing += gcnew CancelEventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosing );
      _formCount++;
      _form2 = gcnew AppForm2;
      _form2->Closed += gcnew EventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosed );
      _form2->Closing += gcnew CancelEventHandler( this, &MyApplicationContext::OnFormClosing );
      _formCount++;
      
      // Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
      if ( ReadFormDataFromFile() )
      {
         
         // If the data was read from the file, set the form
         // positions manually.
         _form1->StartPosition = FormStartPosition::Manual;
         _form2->StartPosition = FormStartPosition::Manual;
         _form1->Bounds = _form1Position;
         _form2->Bounds = _form2Position;
      }

      
      // Show both forms.
      _form1->Show();
      _form2->Show();
   }

   void OnApplicationExit( Object^ /*sender*/, EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      
      // When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
      // user file and close it.
      WriteFormDataToFile();
      try
      {
         
         // Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
         _userData->Close();
      }
      catch ( Exception^ ) 
      {
      }

   }

private:

   void OnFormClosing( Object^ sender, CancelEventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      
      // When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
      // can be saved in the user data file.
      if ( dynamic_cast<AppForm1^>(sender) != nullptr )
            _form1Position = (dynamic_cast<Form^>(sender))->Bounds;
      else
      if ( dynamic_cast<AppForm1^>(sender) != nullptr )
            _form2Position = (dynamic_cast<Form^>(sender))->Bounds;
   }

   void OnFormClosed( Object^ /*sender*/, EventArgs^ /*e*/ )
   {
      
      // When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.
      // When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
      // ExitThread().
      _formCount--;
      if ( _formCount == 0 )
      {
         ExitThread();
      }
   }

   bool WriteFormDataToFile()
   {
      
      // Write the form positions to the file.
      UTF8Encoding^ encoding = gcnew UTF8Encoding;
      RectangleConverter^ rectConv = gcnew RectangleConverter;
      String^ form1pos = rectConv->ConvertToString( _form1Position );
      String^ form2pos = rectConv->ConvertToString( _form2Position );
      array<Byte>^dataToWrite = encoding->GetBytes( String::Concat( "~", form1pos, "~", form2pos ) );
      try
      {
         
         // Set the write position to the start of the file and write
         _userData->Seek( 0, SeekOrigin::Begin );
         _userData->Write( dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite->Length );
         _userData->Flush();
         _userData->SetLength( dataToWrite->Length );
         return true;
      }
      catch ( Exception^ ) 
      {
         
         // An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
         return false;
      }

   }

   bool ReadFormDataFromFile()
   {
      
      // Read the form positions from the file.
      UTF8Encoding^ encoding = gcnew UTF8Encoding;
      String^ data;
      if ( _userData->Length != 0 )
      {
         array<Byte>^dataToRead = gcnew array<Byte>(_userData->Length);
         try
         {
            
            // Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
            _userData->Seek( 0, SeekOrigin::Begin );
            _userData->Read( dataToRead, 0, dataToRead->Length );
         }
         catch ( IOException^ e ) 
         {
            String^ errorInfo = dynamic_cast<String^>(e);
            
            // An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
            return false;
         }
         
         // Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
         data = encoding->GetString( dataToRead );
         try
         {
            
            // Convert the String* data to rectangles
            RectangleConverter^ rectConv = gcnew RectangleConverter;
            String^ form1pos = data->Substring( 1, data->IndexOf( "~", 1 ) - 1 );
            _form1Position =  *safe_cast<Rectangle^>(rectConv->ConvertFromString( form1pos ));
            String^ form2pos = data->Substring( data->IndexOf( "~", 1 ) + 1 );
            _form2Position =  *safe_cast<Rectangle^>(rectConv->ConvertFromString( form2pos ));
            return true;
         }
         catch ( Exception^ ) 
         {
            
            // Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
            // Return false to use default values.
            return false;
         }
      }
      else
      {
         
         // No data in the file, return false to use default values.
         return false;
      }
   }
};

[STAThread]
int main()
{
   
   // Create the MyApplicationContext, that derives from ApplicationContext,
   // that manages when the application should exit.
   MyApplicationContext^ context = gcnew MyApplicationContext;
   
   // Run the application with the specific context. It will exit when
   // all forms are closed.
   Application::Run( context );
}

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;

namespace MyApplication
{
    // A simple form that represents a window in our application
    public class AppForm2 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        public AppForm2()
        {
            this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(300, 300);
            this.Text = "AppForm2";
        }
    }

    // A simple form that represents a window in our application
    public class AppForm1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        public AppForm1()
        {
            this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(300, 300);
            this.Text = "AppForm1";
        }
    }

    // The class that handles the creation of the application windows
    class MyApplicationContext : ApplicationContext
    {

        private int _formCount;
        private AppForm1 _form1;
        private AppForm2 _form2;

        private Rectangle _form1Position;
        private Rectangle _form2Position;

        private FileStream _userData;

        private MyApplicationContext()
        {
            _formCount = 0;

            // Handle the ApplicationExit event to know when the application is exiting.
            Application.ApplicationExit += new EventHandler(this.OnApplicationExit);

            try
            {
                // Create a file that the application will store user specific data in.
                _userData = new FileStream(Application.UserAppDataPath + "\\appdata.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                // Inform the user that an error occurred.
                MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to show the application." +
                                "The error is:" + e.ToString());

                // Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
                ExitThread();
            }

            // Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
            // to know when both forms are closed.
            _form1 = new AppForm1();
            _form1.Closed += new EventHandler(OnFormClosed);
            _form1.Closing += new CancelEventHandler(OnFormClosing);
            _formCount++;

            _form2 = new AppForm2();
            _form2.Closed += new EventHandler(OnFormClosed);
            _form2.Closing += new CancelEventHandler(OnFormClosing);
            _formCount++;

            // Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
            if (ReadFormDataFromFile())
            {
                // If the data was read from the file, set the form
                // positions manually.
                _form1.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
                _form2.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;

                _form1.Bounds = _form1Position;
                _form2.Bounds = _form2Position;
            }

            // Show both forms.
            _form1.Show();
            _form2.Show();
        }

        private void OnApplicationExit(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
            // user file and close it.
            WriteFormDataToFile();

            try
            {
                // Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
                _userData.Close();
            }
            catch { }
        }

        private void OnFormClosing(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
        {
            // When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
            // can be saved in the user data file.
            if (sender is AppForm1)
                _form1Position = ((Form)sender).Bounds;
            else if (sender is AppForm2)
                _form2Position = ((Form)sender).Bounds;
        }

        private void OnFormClosed(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.

            // When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
            // ExitThread().
            _formCount--;
            if (_formCount == 0)
            {
                ExitThread();
            }
        }

        private bool WriteFormDataToFile()
        {
            // Write the form positions to the file.
            UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();

            RectangleConverter rectConv = new RectangleConverter();
            string form1pos = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form1Position);
            string form2pos = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form2Position);

            byte[] dataToWrite = encoding.GetBytes("~" + form1pos + "~" + form2pos);

            try
            {
                // Set the write position to the start of the file and write
                _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                _userData.Write(dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite.Length);
                _userData.Flush();

                _userData.SetLength(dataToWrite.Length);
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                // An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
                return false;
            }
        }

        private bool ReadFormDataFromFile()
        {
            // Read the form positions from the file.
            UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();
            string data;

            if (_userData.Length != 0)
            {
                byte[] dataToRead = new byte[_userData.Length];

                try
                {
                    // Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
                    _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                    _userData.Read(dataToRead, 0, dataToRead.Length);
                }
                catch (IOException e)
                {
                    string errorInfo = e.ToString();
                    // An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
                    return false;
                }

                // Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
                data = encoding.GetString(dataToRead);

                try
                {
                    // Convert the string data to rectangles
                    RectangleConverter rectConv = new RectangleConverter();
                    string form1pos = data.Substring(1, data.IndexOf("~", 1) - 1);

                    _form1Position = (Rectangle)rectConv.ConvertFromString(form1pos);

                    string form2pos = data.Substring(data.IndexOf("~", 1) + 1);
                    _form2Position = (Rectangle)rectConv.ConvertFromString(form2pos);

                    return true;
                }
                catch
                {
                    // Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
                    // Return false to use default values.
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // No data in the file, return false to use default values.
                return false;
            }
        }

        [STAThread]
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            // Create the MyApplicationContext, that derives from ApplicationContext,
            // that manages when the application should exit.

            MyApplicationContext context = new MyApplicationContext();

            // Run the application with the specific context. It will exit when
            // all forms are closed.
            Application.Run(context);
        }
    }
}

Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Text
Imports System.IO

' A simple form that represents a window in our application
Public Class AppForm1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()

        Me.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(300, 300)
        Me.Text = "AppForm1"

    End Sub

End Class

' A simple form that represents a window in our application
Public Class AppForm2
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()

        Me.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(300, 300)
        Me.Text = "AppForm2"

    End Sub

End Class

' The class that handles the creation of the application windows
Public Class MyApplicationContext
    Inherits ApplicationContext

    Private _formCount As Integer
    Private _form1 As AppForm1
    Private _form2 As AppForm2

    Private _form1Position As Rectangle
    Private _form2Position As Rectangle

    Private _userData As FileStream

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()
        _formCount = 0

        ' Handle the ApplicationExit event to know when the application is exiting.
        AddHandler Application.ApplicationExit, AddressOf OnApplicationExit

        Try
            ' Create a file that the application will store user specific data in.
            _userData = New FileStream(Application.UserAppDataPath + "\appdata.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

        Catch e As IOException
            ' Inform the user that an error occurred.
            MessageBox.Show("An error occurred while attempting to show the application." +
                            "The error is:" + e.ToString())

            ' Exit the current thread instead of showing the windows.
            ExitThread()
        End Try

        ' Create both application forms and handle the Closed event
        ' to know when both forms are closed.
        _form1 = New AppForm1()
        AddHandler _form1.Closed, AddressOf OnFormClosed
        AddHandler _form1.Closing, AddressOf OnFormClosing
        _formCount = _formCount + 1

        _form2 = New AppForm2()
        AddHandler _form2.Closed, AddressOf OnFormClosed
        AddHandler _form2.Closing, AddressOf OnFormClosing
        _formCount = _formCount + 1

        ' Get the form positions based upon the user specific data.
        If (ReadFormDataFromFile()) Then
            ' If the data was read from the file, set the form
            ' positions manually.
            _form1.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual
            _form2.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual

            _form1.Bounds = _form1Position
            _form2.Bounds = _form2Position
        End If

        ' Show both forms.
        _form1.Show()
        _form2.Show()
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnApplicationExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        ' When the application is exiting, write the application data to the
        ' user file and close it.
        WriteFormDataToFile()

        Try
            ' Ignore any errors that might occur while closing the file handle.
            _userData.Close()
        Catch
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnFormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CancelEventArgs)
        ' When a form is closing, remember the form position so it
        ' can be saved in the user data file.
        If TypeOf sender Is AppForm1 Then
            _form1Position = CType(sender, Form).Bounds
        ElseIf TypeOf sender Is AppForm2 Then
            _form2Position = CType(sender, Form).Bounds
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub OnFormClosed(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        ' When a form is closed, decrement the count of open forms.

        ' When the count gets to 0, exit the app by calling
        ' ExitThread().
        _formCount = _formCount - 1
        If (_formCount = 0) Then
            ExitThread()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Function WriteFormDataToFile() As Boolean
        ' Write the form positions to the file.
        Dim encoding As UTF8Encoding = New UTF8Encoding()

        Dim rectConv As RectangleConverter = New RectangleConverter()
        Dim form1pos As String = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form1Position)
        Dim form2pos As String = rectConv.ConvertToString(_form2Position)

        Dim dataToWrite As Byte() = encoding.GetBytes("~" + form1pos + "~" + form2pos)

        Try
            ' Set the write position to the start of the file and write
            _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
            _userData.Write(dataToWrite, 0, dataToWrite.Length)
            _userData.Flush()

            _userData.SetLength(dataToWrite.Length)
            Return True

        Catch
            ' An error occurred while attempting to write, return false.
            Return False
        End Try

    End Function

    Private Function ReadFormDataFromFile() As Boolean
        ' Read the form positions from the file.
        Dim encoding As UTF8Encoding = New UTF8Encoding()
        Dim data As String

        If (_userData.Length <> 0) Then
            Dim dataToRead(_userData.Length) As Byte

            Try
                ' Set the read position to the start of the file and read.
                _userData.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
                _userData.Read(dataToRead, 0, dataToRead.Length)

            Catch e As IOException
                Dim errorInfo As String = e.ToString()
                ' An error occurred while attempt to read, return false.
                Return False
            End Try

            ' Parse out the data to get the window rectangles
            data = encoding.GetString(dataToRead)

            Try
                ' Convert the string data to rectangles
                Dim rectConv As RectangleConverter = New RectangleConverter()
                Dim form1pos As String = data.Substring(1, data.IndexOf("~", 1) - 1)

                _form1Position = CType(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form1pos), Rectangle)

                Dim form2pos As String = data.Substring(data.IndexOf("~", 1) + 1)
                _form2Position = CType(rectConv.ConvertFromString(form2pos), Rectangle)

                Return True

            Catch
                ' Error occurred while attempting to convert the rectangle data.
                ' Return false to use default values.
                Return False
            End Try

        Else
            ' No data in the file, return false to use default values.
            Return False
        End If
    End Function

End Class

Public Module MyApplication
    Public Sub Main()
        ' Create the MyApplicationContext, that derives from ApplicationContext,
        ' that manages when the application should exit.

        Dim context As MyApplicationContext = New MyApplicationContext()

        ' Run the application with the specific context. It will exit when
        ' all forms are closed.
        Application.Run(context)
    End Sub
End Module

Observações

Podes usar a ApplicationContext classe para redefinir as circunstâncias que causam a saída de um loop de mensagens. Por defeito, ouve ApplicationContext o Closed evento no principal Formda aplicação , e depois sai do ciclo de mensagens do thread.