OWIN integreren met Microsoft. Identity.Web

Voeg moderne verificatie toe aan uw ASP.NET MVC- en Web-API-toepassingen in .NET Framework 4.7.2+ met behulp van de Microsoft. Identity.Web.OWIN-pakket.

Inzicht krijgen in OWIN-integratie

De Microsoft. Identity.Web.OWIN pakket biedt de kracht van Microsoft. Identity.Web voor ASP.NET MVC- en Web-API-toepassingen die gebruikmaken van OWIN-middleware met Microsoft Entra ID.

Belangrijke voordelen bekijken

De volgende tabel bevat een overzicht van de belangrijkste functies en voordelen van het pakket.

Ondersteunde scenario's bekijken

Microsoft. Identity.Web.OWIN ondersteunt de volgende toepassingstypen en scenario's.

• ASP.NET MVC WebToepassingen (.NET Framework 4.7.2+)
• ASP.NET Web-API (.NET Framework 4.7.2+)
• Hybride apps (MVC + web-API)
• Microsoft Graph aanroepen vanuit controllers
• Downstream-API's aanroepen met automatische verificatie

Installeer het pakket

Installeer de Microsoft. Identity.Web.OWIN NuGet-pakket met behulp van uw voorkeursmethode.

Voer de volgende opdracht uit in de Pakketbeheer Console:

Install-Package Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN

U kunt ook de volgende opdracht uitvoeren met de .NET CLI:

dotnet add package Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN

Afhankelijkheden worden automatisch opgenomen:

• Microsoft.Identity.Web.TokenAcquisition
• Microsoft. Identity.Web.TokenCache
• Microsoft.Owin
• System.Web

De toepassing configureren

Configureer uw toepassingsinstellingen om verbinding te maken met Microsoft Entra en downstream-API's.

Web.config configureren

Voeg de volgende Microsoft Entra- en downstream-API-instellingen toe aan uw Web.config-bestand.

<configuration>
  <appSettings>
    <!-- Microsoft Entra ID Configuration -->
    <add key="AzureAd:Instance" value="https://login.microsoftonline.com/" />
    <add key="AzureAd:TenantId" value="your-tenant-id" />
    <add key="AzureAd:ClientId" value="your-client-id" />
    <add key="AzureAd:ClientSecret" value="your-client-secret" />
    <add key="AzureAd:RedirectUri" value="https://localhost:44368/" />
    <add key="AzureAd:PostLogoutRedirectUri" value="https://localhost:44368/" />

    <!-- Microsoft Graph Configuration -->
    <add key="DownstreamApi:MicrosoftGraph:BaseUrl" value="https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0" />
    <add key="DownstreamApi:MicrosoftGraph:Scopes" value="user.read" />

    <!-- Custom Downstream API Configuration -->
    <add key="DownstreamApi:TodoListService:BaseUrl" value="https://localhost:44351" />
    <add key="DownstreamApi:TodoListService:Scopes" value="api://todo-api-client-id/.default" />
  </appSettings>

  <connectionStrings>
    <!-- Optional: SQL Server Token Cache -->
    <add name="TokenCache"
         connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=TokenCache;Integrated Security=True;" />
  </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

appsettings.json configureren (alternatief)

U kunt ook instellingen opslaan in een appsettings.json bestand, zoals wordt weergegeven in het volgende voorbeeld.

{
  "AzureAd": {
    "Instance": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/",
    "TenantId": "your-tenant-id",
    "ClientId": "your-client-id",
    "ClientSecret": "your-client-secret",
    "RedirectUri": "https://localhost:44368/",
    "PostLogoutRedirectUri": "https://localhost:44368/"
  },
  "DownstreamApi": {
    "MicrosoftGraph": {
      "BaseUrl": "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0",
      "Scopes": "user.read"
    },
    "TodoListService": {
      "BaseUrl": "https://localhost:44351",
      "Scopes": "api://todo-api-client-id/.default"
    }
  }
}

De opstartklasse instellen

Registreer authenticatie-middleware, verzameling van tokens en downstream-API-services in uw startup-klasse.

App_Start/Startup.Auth.cs configureren

De volgende code toont een volledige installatie met Microsoft. Identity.Web.OWIN:

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Identity.Web;
using Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN;
using Microsoft.Identity.Web.TokenCacheProviders.Distributed;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies;
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect;
using Owin;
using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;

namespace MyMvcApp
{
    public partial class Startup
    {
        public void ConfigureAuth(IAppBuilder app)
        {
            // Set default authentication type
            app.SetDefaultSignInAsAuthenticationType(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationType);

            // Configure cookie authentication
            app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
            {
                CookieName = "MyApp.Auth",
                ExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromHours(1),
                SlidingExpiration = true
            });

            // Configure OpenID Connect authentication
            app.UseOpenIdConnectAuthentication(
                new OpenIdConnectAuthenticationOptions
                {
                    ClientId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:ClientId"],
                    Authority = $"https://login.microsoftonline.com/{ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:TenantId"]}",
                    RedirectUri = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:RedirectUri"],
                    PostLogoutRedirectUri = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:PostLogoutRedirectUri"],

                    Scope = "openid profile email offline_access",
                    ResponseType = "code id_token",

                    TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                    {
                        ValidateIssuer = true,
                        NameClaimType = "preferred_username"
                    },

                    Notifications = new OpenIdConnectAuthenticationNotifications
                    {
                        AuthenticationFailed = context =>
                        {
                            context.HandleResponse();
                            context.Response.Redirect("/Error?message=" + context.Exception.Message);
                            return Task.FromResult(0);
                        }
                    }
                });

            // Configure Microsoft Identity Web services
            var services = CreateOwinServiceCollection();

            // Add token acquisition
            services.AddTokenAcquisition();

            // Add Microsoft Graph support
            services.AddMicrosoftGraph();

            // Add downstream API support
            services.AddDownstreamApi("MicrosoftGraph", services.BuildServiceProvider()
                .GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>().GetSection("DownstreamApi:MicrosoftGraph"));

            services.AddDownstreamApi("TodoListService", services.BuildServiceProvider()
                .GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>().GetSection("DownstreamApi:TodoListService"));

            // Configure token cache (choose one option)
            ConfigureTokenCache(services);

            // Build service provider
            var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();

            // Create and register token acquirer factory
            var tokenAcquirerFactory = TokenAcquirerFactory.GetDefaultInstance();
            tokenAcquirerFactory.Build(serviceProvider);

            // Add OWIN token acquisition middleware
            app.Use<OwinTokenAcquisitionMiddleware>(tokenAcquirerFactory);
        }

        private IServiceCollection CreateOwinServiceCollection()
        {
            var services = new ServiceCollection();

            // Add configuration from appsettings.json and/or Web.config
            IConfiguration configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
                .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true)
                .AddInMemoryCollection(new Dictionary<string, string>
                {
                    ["AzureAd:Instance"] = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:Instance"],
                    ["AzureAd:TenantId"] = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:TenantId"],
                    ["AzureAd:ClientId"] = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:ClientId"],
                    ["AzureAd:ClientSecret"] = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:ClientSecret"],
                    ["DownstreamApi:MicrosoftGraph:BaseUrl"] = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DownstreamApi:MicrosoftGraph:BaseUrl"],
                    ["DownstreamApi:MicrosoftGraph:Scopes"] = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DownstreamApi:MicrosoftGraph:Scopes"],
                })
                .Build();

            services.AddSingleton(configuration);

            return services;
        }

        private void ConfigureTokenCache(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            // Option 1: In-memory cache (development)
            services.AddDistributedTokenCaches(cacheServices =>
            {
                cacheServices.AddDistributedMemoryCache();
            });

            // Option 2: SQL Server cache (production)
            /*
            services.AddDistributedTokenCaches(cacheServices =>
            {
                cacheServices.AddDistributedSqlServerCache(options =>
                {
                    options.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TokenCache"].ConnectionString;
                    options.SchemaName = "dbo";
                    options.TableName = "TokenCache";
                    options.DefaultSlidingExpiration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(90);
                });
            });
            */

            // Option 3: Redis cache (production, high-scale)
            /*
            services.AddDistributedTokenCaches(cacheServices =>
            {
                cacheServices.AddStackExchangeRedisCache(options =>
                {
                    options.Configuration = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Redis:ConnectionString"];
                    options.InstanceName = "MyMvcApp_";
                });
            });
            */
        }
    }
}

Controllers integreren

Toegang tot Microsoft Graph en downstream-API's van uw controllers met behulp van de extensiemethoden die door het pakket worden geleverd.

MVC-controllers integreren

In het volgende voorbeeld ziet u hoe u controlleruitbreidingsmethoden gebruikt voor toegang tot Microsoft Graph:

using Microsoft.Identity.Web;
using Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN;
using Microsoft.Graph;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MyMvcApp.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        // GET: Home/Index
        public async Task<ActionResult> Index()
        {
            try
            {
                // Access Microsoft Graph using extension method
                var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();
                var user = await graphClient.Me.GetAsync();

                ViewBag.UserName = user.DisplayName;
                ViewBag.Email = user.Mail ?? user.UserPrincipalName;
                ViewBag.JobTitle = user.JobTitle;

                return View();
            }
            catch (MsalUiRequiredException)
            {
                // Incremental consent required
                return new ChallengeResult();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return View("Error", new ErrorViewModel { Message = ex.Message });
            }
        }

        // GET: Home/Profile
        public async Task<ActionResult> Profile()
        {
            var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();

            // Get user profile
            var user = await graphClient.Me
                .GetAsync(requestConfig => requestConfig.QueryParameters.Select = new[] { "displayName", "mail", "jobTitle", "department" });

            return View(user);
        }

        // GET: Home/Photo
        public async Task<ActionResult> Photo()
        {
            var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();

            try
            {
                // Get user photo
                var photoStream = await graphClient.Me.Photo.Content.GetAsync();
                return File(photoStream, "image/jpeg");
            }
            catch (ServiceException ex) when (ex.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            {
                return File(Server.MapPath("~/Content/images/default-user.png"), "image/png");
            }
        }
    }
}

Web-API-controllers integreren

In het volgende voorbeeld ziet u hoe u ApiController-extensiemethoden gebruikt om een downstream-API aan te roepen:

using Microsoft.Identity.Web;
using Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN;
using Microsoft.Identity.Abstractions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace MyWebApi.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    [RoutePrefix("api/todos")]
    public class TodoController : ApiController
    {
        // GET: api/todos
        [HttpGet]
        [Route("")]
        public async Task<IHttpActionResult> GetTodos()
        {
            try
            {
                // Call downstream API using extension method
                var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();

                var todos = await downstreamApi.GetForUserAsync<List<TodoItem>>(
                    "TodoListService",
                    options =>
                    {
                        options.RelativePath = "api/todolist";
                    });

                return Ok(todos);
            }
            catch (MsalUiRequiredException)
            {
                return Unauthorized();
            }
            catch (HttpRequestException ex)
            {
                return InternalServerError(ex);
            }
        }

        // POST: api/todos
        [HttpPost]
        [Route("")]
        public async Task<IHttpActionResult> CreateTodo([FromBody] TodoItem todo)
        {
            var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();

            var createdTodo = await downstreamApi.PostForUserAsync<TodoItem, TodoItem>(
                "TodoListService",
                todo,
                options =>
                {
                    options.RelativePath = "api/todolist";
                });

            return Created($"api/todos/{createdTodo.Id}", createdTodo);
        }
    }
}

Microsoft Graph aanroepen

Gebruik de GraphServiceClient om te communiceren met Microsoft Graph gegevens van uw controllers.

De Microsoft Graph-client instellen

De Microsoft Graph-client is al geconfigureerd in Startup.Auth.cs met de volgende aanroep:

services.AddMicrosoftGraph();

GraphServiceClient gebruiken in controllers

In het volgende voorbeeld ziet u veelvoorkomende Microsoft Graph bewerkingen in een MVC-controller.

[Authorize]
public class GraphController : Controller
{
    public async Task<ActionResult> MyProfile()
    {
        var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();
        var user = await graphClient.Me.GetAsync();

        return View(user);
    }

    public async Task<ActionResult> MyManager()
    {
        var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();
        var manager = await graphClient.Me.Manager.GetAsync();

        return View(manager);
    }

    public async Task<ActionResult> MyDirectReports()
    {
        var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();
        var directReports = await graphClient.Me.DirectReports.GetAsync();

        return View(directReports.Value);
    }

    public async Task<ActionResult> SendEmail([FromBody] EmailMessage message)
    {
        var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();

        var email = new Message
        {
            Subject = message.Subject,
            Body = new ItemBody
            {
                ContentType = BodyType.Text,
                Content = message.Body
            },
            ToRecipients = new[]
            {
                new Recipient
                {
                    EmailAddress = new EmailAddress
                    {
                        Address = message.To
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        await graphClient.Me.SendMail.PostAsync(new SendMailPostRequestBody
        {
            Message = email
        });

        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }
}

Downstream-API's aanroepen

Registreer en roep downstream-API's aan met automatische tokenverwerving van uw controllers.

Downstream-API configureren

Registreer de downstream-API in Startup.Auth.cs met de volgende code:

services.AddDownstreamApi("TodoListService", configuration.GetSection("DownstreamApi:TodoListService"));

Voeg de bijbehorende instellingen toe in Web.config:

<add key="DownstreamApi:TodoListService:BaseUrl" value="https://localhost:44351" />
<add key="DownstreamApi:TodoListService:Scopes" value="api://todo-api-client-id/.default" />

IDownstreamApi gebruiken in controllers

In het volgende voorbeeld ziet u hoe u CRUD-bewerkingen uitvoert op basis van een downstream-API vanaf een MVC-controller.

[Authorize]
public class TodoController : Controller
{
    // GET all todos
    public async Task<ActionResult> Index()
    {
        var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();

        var todos = await downstreamApi.GetForUserAsync<List<TodoItem>>(
            "TodoListService",
            options =>
            {
                options.RelativePath = "api/todolist";
            });

        return View(todos);
    }

    // GET specific todo
    public async Task<ActionResult> Details(int id)
    {
        var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();

        var todo = await downstreamApi.GetForUserAsync<TodoItem>(
            "TodoListService",
            options =>
            {
                options.RelativePath = $"api/todolist/{id}";
            });

        return View(todo);
    }

    // POST new todo
    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Create(TodoItem todo)
    {
        var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();

        var createdTodo = await downstreamApi.PostForUserAsync<TodoItem, TodoItem>(
            "TodoListService",
            todo,
            options =>
            {
                options.RelativePath = "api/todolist";
            });

        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

    // PUT update todo
    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(int id, TodoItem todo)
    {
        var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();

        await downstreamApi.CallApiForUserAsync(
            "TodoListService",
            options =>
            {
                options.HttpMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
                options.RelativePath = $"api/todolist/{id}";
                options.RequestBody = todo;
            });

        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

    // DELETE todo
    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(int id)
    {
        var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();

        await downstreamApi.CallApiForUserAsync(
            "TodoListService",
            options =>
            {
                options.HttpMethod = HttpMethod.Delete;
                options.RelativePath = $"api/todolist/{id}";
            });

        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }
}

Voorbeeldtoepassingen verkennen

Gebruik de volgende voorbeelden om Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN in actie te zien.

Officiële Microsoft voorbeelden bekijken

De volgende tabel bevat officiële voorbeelden die de integratie van Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN demonstreren.

Kloon en voer het voorbeeld uit met de volgende opdrachten:

git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/ms-identity-aspnet-webapp-openidconnect
cd ms-identity-aspnet-webapp-openidconnect
# Update Web.config with your Microsoft Entra app registration
# Run in Visual Studio

Best practices volgen

Pas deze aanbevolen patronen toe en vermijd veelvoorkomende fouten bij het bouwen met Microsoft. Identity.Web.OWIN.

Aanbevolen patronen toepassen

1. Gedistribueerde cache gebruiken in productie:

//  Production
services.AddDistributedTokenCaches(cacheServices =>
{
    cacheServices.AddDistributedSqlServerCache(options =>
    {
        options.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TokenCache"].ConnectionString;
        options.SchemaName = "dbo";
        options.TableName = "TokenCache";
        options.DefaultSlidingExpiration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(90);
    });
});

2. Werk incrementele toestemming probleemloos af:

try
{
    var graphClient = this.GetGraphServiceClient();
    var user = await graphClient.Me.GetAsync();
}
catch (MsalUiRequiredException)
{
    // User needs to consent to additional scopes
    return new ChallengeResult();
}

3. Gebruik correlatie-id's voor probleemoplossing:

var downstreamApi = this.GetDownstreamApi();
var correlationId = Guid.NewGuid();

var result = await downstreamApi.GetForUserAsync<Todo>(
    "TodoListService",
    options =>
    {
        options.RelativePath = $"api/todolist/{id}";
        options.TokenAcquisitionOptions = new TokenAcquisitionOptions
        {
            CorrelationId = correlationId
        };
    });

4. De juiste foutafhandeling implementeren:

try
{
    // Call API
}
catch (MsalUiRequiredException)
{
    return new ChallengeResult();
}
catch (HttpRequestException ex)
{
    logger.Error($"API call failed: {ex.Message}");
    return View("Error");
}

Veelvoorkomende fouten voorkomen

1. Gebruik geen cache in het geheugen voor webfarms:

//  Wrong for load-balanced scenarios
services.AddDistributedTokenCaches(cacheServices =>
{
    cacheServices.AddDistributedMemoryCache();
});

//  Correct
services.AddDistributedTokenCaches(cacheServices =>
{
    cacheServices.AddDistributedSqlServerCache(/* ... */);
});

2. Maak de configuratie niet hardcoden:

//  Wrong
ClientId = "your-client-id-here"

//  Correct
ClientId = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AzureAd:ClientId"]

3. Negeer het verlopen van tokens niet:

//  Microsoft.Identity.Web.OWIN handles this automatically
// No manual token refresh needed!

Veelvoorkomende problemen oplossen

Bekijk de volgende oplossingen voor veelvoorkomende problemen die optreden tijdens de installatie en runtime.

Algemene problemen oplossen

Probleem 1: 'Kan IAuthorizationHeaderProvider niet vinden'

Oplossing: Zorg ervoor dat OwinTokenAcquirerFactory is geregistreerd in Startup.Auth.cs.

var tokenAcquirerFactory = TokenAcquirerFactory.GetDefaultInstance();
tokenAcquirerFactory.Build(serviceProvider);
app.Use<OwinTokenAcquisitionMiddleware>(tokenAcquirerFactory);

Probleem 2: 'Kan GraphServiceClient niet vinden'

Oplossing: Voeg AddMicrosoftGraph() toe in Startup.Auth.cs:

services.AddMicrosoftGraph();

Probleem 3: Tokencache blijft niet behouden

Oplossing: Configuratie van gedistribueerde cache controleren:

services.AddDistributedTokenCaches(cacheServices =>
{
    cacheServices.AddDistributedSqlServerCache(options =>
    {
        // Ensure connection string is correct
        options.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["TokenCache"].ConnectionString;
    });
});

Verwante inhoud verkennen

Meer informatie over gerelateerde functies en scenario's.

• MSAL.NET met Microsoft. Identity.Web
• overzicht van ASP.NET Framework
• Authorization
• Downstream-API's aanroepen