Cómo: Garantizar que la fila seleccionada de una tabla secundaria conserva la posición correcta

Actualización: noviembre 2007

A menudo, al trabajar con un enlace de datos en formularios Windows Forms, mostrará los datos en lo que se denomina una vista principal/secundaria o maestra/de detalle. Se trata de un escenario de enlace de datos en el que los datos del mismo origen se muestran en dos controles. Al cambiar la selección en un control, cambian también los datos mostrados en el segundo control. Por ejemplo, el primer control podría contener una lista de clientes y el segundo una lista de pedidos relacionados con el cliente seleccionado en el primer control.

A partir de la versión 2.0 de .NET Framework, cuando se muestran datos en una vista principal/secundaria, es posible que tenga que realizar procedimientos adicionales para garantizar que la fila actualmente seleccionada en la tabla secundaria no se restablece en la primera fila de la tabla. Para ello, tendrá que almacenar en memoria caché la posición de la tabla secundaria y restablecerla cuando cambie la tabla primaria. Normalmente, el restablecimiento de la tabla secundaria se produce la primera vez que cambia un campo en una fila de la tabla primaria.

Para almacenar en caché la posición de la tabla secundaria actual

1. Declare una variable entera para almacenar la posición de la lista secundaria y una variable booleana para el caso de que haya que almacenar en caché la posición secundaria.

   Private cachedPosition As Integer = - 1
   Private cacheChildPosition As Boolean = True
   
   

   private int cachedPosition = -1;
   private bool cacheChildPosition = true;
   

2. Controle el evento ListChanged de CurrencyManager del enlace y compruebe que existe un ListChangedType de Reset.

3. Compruebe la posición actual de CurrencyManager. Si es mayor que la primera entrada de la lista (normalmente 0), guárdela en una variable.

   Private Sub relatedCM_ListChanged(ByVal sender As Object, _
       ByVal e As ListChangedEventArgs)
       ' Check to see if this is a caching situation.
       If cacheChildPosition AndAlso cachePositionCheckBox.Checked Then
           ' If so, check to see if it is a reset situation, and the current
           ' position is greater than zero.
           Dim relatedCM As CurrencyManager = sender
           If e.ListChangedType = ListChangedType.Reset _
               AndAlso relatedCM.Position > 0 Then
   
               ' If so, cache the position of the child table.
               cachedPosition = relatedCM.Position
           End If
       End If
   
   End Sub
   

   void relatedCM_ListChanged(object sender, ListChangedEventArgs e)
   {
       // Check to see if this is a caching situation.
       if (cacheChildPosition && cachePositionCheckBox.Checked) 
       {
           // If so, check to see if it is a reset situation, and the current
           // position is greater than zero.
           CurrencyManager relatedCM = sender as CurrencyManager;
           if (e.ListChangedType == ListChangedType.Reset && relatedCM.Position > 0)
   
               // If so, cache the position of the child table.
               cachedPosition = relatedCM.Position;
       }
   }
   

4. Controle el evento CurrentChanged de la lista principal para el administrador de moneda principal. En el controlador, establezca el valor booleano para indicar que no se trata de un escenario de almacenamiento en caché. Si se produce CurrentChanged, el cambio en el elemento principal será un cambio de posición de lista y no un cambio del valor del elemento.

   ' Handle the current changed event. This event occurs when
   ' the current item is changed, but not when a field of the current
   ' item is changed.
   Private Sub bindingSource1_CurrentChanged(ByVal sender As Object, _
       ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles bindingSource1.CurrentChanged
       ' If the CurrentChanged event occurs, this is not a caching 
       ' situation.
       cacheChildPosition = False
   
   End Sub
   

   void bindingSource1_CurrentChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
   {
       // If the CurrentChanged event occurs, this is not a caching 
       // situation.
       cacheChildPosition = false;
   }
   

Para restablecer la posición secundaria

1. Controle el evento PositionChanged de CurrencyManager del enlace secundario.

2. Restablezca la posición de la tabla secundaria a la posición almacenada en memoria caché guardada en el procedimiento anterior.

   Private Sub relatedCM_PositionChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) 
       ' Check to see if this is a caching situation.
       If cacheChildPosition AndAlso cachePositionCheckBox.Checked Then
           Dim relatedCM As CurrencyManager = sender
   
           ' If so, check to see if the current position is 
           ' not equal to the cached position and the cached 
           ' position is not out of bounds.
           If relatedCM.Position <> cachedPosition AndAlso _
               cachedPosition > 0 AndAlso cachedPosition < _
               relatedCM.Count Then
               relatedCM.Position = cachedPosition
               cachedPosition = -1
           End If
       End If
   End Sub
   

   void relatedCM_PositionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
   {
       // Check to see if this is a caching situation.
       if (cacheChildPosition && cachePositionCheckBox.Checked)
       {
           CurrencyManager relatedCM = sender as CurrencyManager;
   
           // If so, check to see if the current position is 
           // not equal to the cached position and the cached 
           // position is not out of bounds.
           if (relatedCM.Position != cachedPosition && cachedPosition
               > 0 && cachedPosition < relatedCM.Count)
           {
               relatedCM.Position = cachedPosition;
               cachedPosition = -1;
           }
       }
   }
   

Ejemplo

En el ejemplo siguiente se muestra cómo guardar la posición actual en CurrencyManager para una tabla secundaria y cómo restablecer la posición después de que se haya efectuado una modificación en la tabla primaria. Este ejemplo contiene dos controles DataGridView enlazados a dos tablas en DataSet utilizando un componente BindingSource. Se establece una relación entre las dos tablas y esta relación se agrega a DataSet. La posición en la tabla secundaria está establecida inicialmente en la tercera fila para la demostración.

Imports System
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Windows.Forms



Public Class Form1
    Inherits Form

    Public Sub New() 
        InitializeControlsAndDataSource()

    End Sub

    ' Declare the controls to be used.
    Private WithEvents bindingSource1 As BindingSource
    Private dataGridView1 As DataGridView
    Private WithEvents button1 As Button
    Private dataGridView2 As DataGridView
    Private cachePositionCheckBox As CheckBox
    Public set1 As DataSet


    Private Sub InitializeControlsAndDataSource() 
        ' Initialize the controls and set location, size and 
        ' other basic properties.
        Me.dataGridView1 = New DataGridView()
        Me.bindingSource1 = New BindingSource()
        Me.button1 = New Button()
        Me.dataGridView2 = New DataGridView()
        Me.cachePositionCheckBox = New System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox()
        Me.dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = _
            DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize
        Me.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Top
        Me.dataGridView1.Location = New Point(0, 20)
        Me.dataGridView1.Size = New Size(292, 170)
        Me.button1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(18, 175)
        Me.button1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(125, 23)

        button1.Text = "Clear Parent Field"

        Me.dataGridView2.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = _
            System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize
        Me.dataGridView2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(0, 225)
        Me.dataGridView2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(309, 130)
        Me.cachePositionCheckBox.AutoSize = True
        Me.cachePositionCheckBox.Checked = True
        Me.cachePositionCheckBox.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(150, 175)
        Me.cachePositionCheckBox.Name = "radioButton1"
        Me.cachePositionCheckBox.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(151, 17)
        Me.cachePositionCheckBox.Text = "Cache and restore position"
        Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(325, 420)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.dataGridView1)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.cachePositionCheckBox)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.dataGridView2)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.button1)

        ' Initialize the data.
        set1 = InitializeDataSet()

        ' Set the data source to the DataSet.
        bindingSource1.DataSource = set1

        'Set the DataMember to the Menu table.
        bindingSource1.DataMember = "Customers"

        ' Add the control data bindings.
        dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1

        ' Set the data source and member for the second DataGridView.
        dataGridView2.DataSource = bindingSource1
        dataGridView2.DataMember = "custOrders"

        ' Get the currency manager for the customer orders binding.
        Dim relatedCM As CurrencyManager = _
            bindingSource1.GetRelatedCurrencyManager("custOrders")

        ' Handle the two events for caching and resetting the position.
        AddHandler relatedCM.ListChanged, AddressOf relatedCM_ListChanged
        AddHandler relatedCM.PositionChanged, AddressOf relatedCM_PositionChanged

        ' Set the position in the child table for demonstration purposes.
        relatedCM.Position = 3

        ' Set cacheing to true in case current changed event
        ' occured on set up.
        cacheChildPosition = True


    End Sub 'InitializeControlsAndDataSource



    ' Establish the data set with two tables and a relationship
    ' between them.
    Private Function InitializeDataSet() As DataSet 
        set1 = New DataSet()
        ' Declare the DataSet and add a table and column.
        set1.Tables.Add("Customers")
        set1.Tables(0).Columns.Add("CustomerID")
        set1.Tables(0).Columns.Add("Customer Name")
        set1.Tables(0).Columns.Add("Contact Name")

        ' Add some rows to the table.
        set1.Tables("Customers").Rows.Add("c1", "Fabrikam, Inc.", _
            "Ellen Adams")
        set1.Tables(0).Rows.Add("c2", "Lucerne Publishing", "Don Hall")
        set1.Tables(0).Rows.Add("c3", "Northwind Traders", "Lori Penor")
        set1.Tables(0).Rows.Add("c4", "Tailspin Toys", "Michael Patten")
        set1.Tables(0).Rows.Add("c5", "Woodgrove Bank", "Jyothi Pai")

        ' Declare the DataSet and add a table and column.
        set1.Tables.Add("Orders")
        set1.Tables(1).Columns.Add("CustomerID")
        set1.Tables(1).Columns.Add("OrderNo")
        set1.Tables(1).Columns.Add("OrderDate")

        ' Add some rows to the table.
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c1", "119", "10/04/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c1", "149", "10/10/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c1", "159", "10/12/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c2", "169", "10/10/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c2", "179", "10/10/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c2", "189", "10/12/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c3", "122", "10/04/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c4", "130", "10/10/2006")
        set1.Tables(1).Rows.Add("c5", "1.29", "10/14/2006")

        Dim dr As New DataRelation("custOrders", _
            set1.Tables("Customers").Columns("CustomerID"), _
            set1.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustomerID"))
        set1.Relations.Add(dr)
        Return set1

    End Function '
    Private cachedPosition As Integer = - 1
    Private cacheChildPosition As Boolean = True

    Private Sub relatedCM_ListChanged(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As ListChangedEventArgs)
        ' Check to see if this is a caching situation.
        If cacheChildPosition AndAlso cachePositionCheckBox.Checked Then
            ' If so, check to see if it is a reset situation, and the current
            ' position is greater than zero.
            Dim relatedCM As CurrencyManager = sender
            If e.ListChangedType = ListChangedType.Reset _
                AndAlso relatedCM.Position > 0 Then

                ' If so, cache the position of the child table.
                cachedPosition = relatedCM.Position
            End If
        End If

    End Sub

    ' Handle the current changed event. This event occurs when
    ' the current item is changed, but not when a field of the current
    ' item is changed.
    Private Sub bindingSource1_CurrentChanged(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles bindingSource1.CurrentChanged
        ' If the CurrentChanged event occurs, this is not a caching 
        ' situation.
        cacheChildPosition = False

    End Sub

    Private Sub relatedCM_PositionChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) 
        ' Check to see if this is a caching situation.
        If cacheChildPosition AndAlso cachePositionCheckBox.Checked Then
            Dim relatedCM As CurrencyManager = sender

            ' If so, check to see if the current position is 
            ' not equal to the cached position and the cached 
            ' position is not out of bounds.
            If relatedCM.Position <> cachedPosition AndAlso _
                cachedPosition > 0 AndAlso cachedPosition < _
                relatedCM.Count Then
                relatedCM.Position = cachedPosition
                cachedPosition = -1
            End If
        End If
    End Sub

    Private count As Integer = 0

    Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles button1.Click
        ' For demo purposes--modifies a value in the first row of the
        ' parent table.
        Dim row1 As DataRow = set1.Tables(0).Rows(0)
        row1(1) = DBNull.Value
    End Sub

    <STAThread()>  _
    Shared Sub Main() 
        Application.EnableVisualStyles()
        Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(False)
        Application.Run(New Form1())

    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace BT2
{
    public class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeControlsAndDataSource();
        }

        // Declare the controls to be used.
        private BindingSource bindingSource1;
        private DataGridView dataGridView1;
        private Button button1;
        private DataGridView dataGridView2;
        private CheckBox cachePositionCheckBox;
        public DataSet set1;

        private void InitializeControlsAndDataSource()
        {
            // Initialize the controls and set location, size and 
            // other basic properties.
            this.dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();
            this.bindingSource1 = new BindingSource();
            this.button1 = new Button();
            this.dataGridView2 = new DataGridView();
            this.cachePositionCheckBox = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();
            this.dataGridView1.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode =
                DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize;
            this.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
            this.dataGridView1.Location = new Point(0, 20);
            this.dataGridView1.Size = new Size(292, 170);
            this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(18, 175);
            this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(125, 23);

            button1.Text = "Clear Parent Field";
            this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
            this.dataGridView2.ColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode = 
                System.Windows.Forms.DataGridViewColumnHeadersHeightSizeMode.AutoSize;
            this.dataGridView2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 225);
            this.dataGridView2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(309, 130);
            this.cachePositionCheckBox.AutoSize = true;
            this.cachePositionCheckBox.Checked = true;
            this.cachePositionCheckBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(150, 175);
            this.cachePositionCheckBox.Name = "radioButton1";
            this.cachePositionCheckBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(151, 17);
            this.cachePositionCheckBox.Text = "Cache and restore position";
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(325, 420);
            this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView1);
            this.Controls.Add(this.cachePositionCheckBox);
            this.Controls.Add(this.dataGridView2);
            this.Controls.Add(this.button1);

            // Initialize the data.
            set1 = InitializeDataSet();

            // Set the data source to the DataSet.
            bindingSource1.DataSource = set1;

            //Set the DataMember to the Menu table.
            bindingSource1.DataMember = "Customers";

            // Add the control data bindings.
            dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;

            // Set the data source and member for the second DataGridView.
            dataGridView2.DataSource = bindingSource1;
            dataGridView2.DataMember = "custOrders";

            // Get the currency manager for the customer orders binding.
            CurrencyManager relatedCM = 
                bindingSource1.GetRelatedCurrencyManager("custOrders");

            // Set the position in the child table for demonstration purposes.
            relatedCM.Position = 3;

            // Handle the current changed event. This event occurs when
            // the current item is changed, but not when a field of the current
            // item is changed.
            bindingSource1.CurrentChanged += 
                new EventHandler(bindingSource1_CurrentChanged);

            // Handle the two events for caching and resetting the position.
            relatedCM.ListChanged += new ListChangedEventHandler(relatedCM_ListChanged);
            relatedCM.PositionChanged
                += new EventHandler(relatedCM_PositionChanged);

            // Set cacheing to true in case current changed event
            // occured on set up.
            cacheChildPosition = true;
        }


        // Establish the data set with two tables and a relationship
        // between them.
        private DataSet InitializeDataSet()
        {
            set1 = new DataSet();
            // Declare the DataSet and add a table and column.
            set1.Tables.Add("Customers");
            set1.Tables[0].Columns.Add("CustomerID");
            set1.Tables[0].Columns.Add("Customer Name");
            set1.Tables[0].Columns.Add("Contact Name");

            // Add some rows to the table.
            set1.Tables["Customers"].Rows.Add("c1", "Fabrikam, Inc.", "Ellen Adams");
            set1.Tables[0].Rows.Add("c2", "Lucerne Publishing", "Don Hall");
            set1.Tables[0].Rows.Add("c3", "Northwind Traders", "Lori Penor");
            set1.Tables[0].Rows.Add("c4", "Tailspin Toys", "Michael Patten");
            set1.Tables[0].Rows.Add("c5", "Woodgrove Bank", "Jyothi Pai");

            // Declare the DataSet and add a table and column.
            set1.Tables.Add("Orders");
            set1.Tables[1].Columns.Add("CustomerID");
            set1.Tables[1].Columns.Add("OrderNo");
            set1.Tables[1].Columns.Add("OrderDate");

            // Add some rows to the table.
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c1", "119", "10/04/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c1", "149", "10/10/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c1", "159", "10/12/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c2", "169", "10/10/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c2", "179", "10/10/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c2", "189", "10/12/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c3", "122", "10/04/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c4", "130", "10/10/2006");
            set1.Tables[1].Rows.Add("c5", "1.29", "10/14/2006");

            DataRelation dr = new DataRelation("custOrders",
                set1.Tables["Customers"].Columns["CustomerID"],
                set1.Tables["Orders"].Columns["CustomerID"]);
            set1.Relations.Add(dr);
            return set1;
        }
        private int cachedPosition = -1;
        private bool cacheChildPosition = true;

        void relatedCM_ListChanged(object sender, ListChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            // Check to see if this is a caching situation.
            if (cacheChildPosition && cachePositionCheckBox.Checked) 
            {
                // If so, check to see if it is a reset situation, and the current
                // position is greater than zero.
                CurrencyManager relatedCM = sender as CurrencyManager;
                if (e.ListChangedType == ListChangedType.Reset && relatedCM.Position > 0)

                    // If so, cache the position of the child table.
                    cachedPosition = relatedCM.Position;
            }
        }
        void bindingSource1_CurrentChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // If the CurrentChanged event occurs, this is not a caching 
            // situation.
            cacheChildPosition = false;
        }
        void relatedCM_PositionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Check to see if this is a caching situation.
            if (cacheChildPosition && cachePositionCheckBox.Checked)
            {
                CurrencyManager relatedCM = sender as CurrencyManager;

                // If so, check to see if the current position is 
                // not equal to the cached position and the cached 
                // position is not out of bounds.
                if (relatedCM.Position != cachedPosition && cachedPosition
                    > 0 && cachedPosition < relatedCM.Count)
                {
                    relatedCM.Position = cachedPosition;
                    cachedPosition = -1;
                }
            }
        }
        int count = 0;
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // For demo purposes--modifies a value in the first row of the
            // parent table.
            DataRow row1 = set1.Tables[0].Rows[0];
            row1[1] = DBNull.Value;

        }

        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }
    }


}

Para probar el ejemplo de código, siga este procedimiento:

1. Ejecute el ejemplo.

2. Asegúrese de que la casilla Cache and reset position está activada.

3. Haga clic en el botón Clear parent field para provocar un cambio en un campo de la tabla primaria. Observe que la fila seleccionada en la tabla secundaria no cambia.

4. Cierre y ejecute de nuevo el ejemplo. Esto es necesario porque el restablecimiento sólo se produce cuando cambia por primera vez la fila primaria.

5. Desactive la casilla Cache and reset position.

6. Haga clic en el botón Clear parent field. Observe que la fila seleccionada en la tabla secundaria cambia a la primera fila.

Compilar el código

Para este ejemplo se necesita:

• Referencias a los ensamblados System, System.Data, System.Drawing, System.Windows.Forms y System.XML.

Para obtener información sobre cómo generar este ejemplo desde la línea de comandos de Visual Basic o Visual C#, vea Generar desde la línea de comandos (Visual Basic) o Generar la línea de comandos con csc.exe. También puede generar este ejemplo en Visual Studio pegando el código en un proyecto nuevo.

Vea también

Tareas

Cómo: Garantizar que varios controles enlazados al mismo origen de datos permanezcan sincronizados

Conceptos

Enlace de datos y formularios Windows Forms

Otros recursos

BindingSource (Componente)