The two dates reflect different phases of Microsoft’s Fixed Lifecycle Policy. The Mainstream End Date (October 13, 2026 for Windows Server 2022) marks the end of full support, which includes security updates, feature updates, and non-security fixes. After that point, the product enters Extended Support until the Extended End Date (October 14, 2031), during which only critical security updates are provided - no new features or non-security hotfixes. When Extended Support ends, the product is officially considered End of Life (EoL), meaning no further updates or support are available.
So in short, EoL refers to the Extended End Date, while the Mainstream End Date simply indicates the transition from full support to limited support.