Hello Paul,
You can perform an in‑place upgrade from Windows 10 Enterprise 2016 LTSB to Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 without rebuilding the systems, but there are strict conditions. The upgrade path is supported only if you use the proper installation media for LTSC 2019 and a valid license key. Microsoft treats LTSB/LTSC as separate editions, so you cannot simply apply a key to switch versions; you must run setup from the LTSC 2019 ISO and choose the “Upgrade” option. This preserves applications, data, and configuration.
Before starting, confirm the current edition by running winver or checking HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion for EditionID. It should show EnterpriseS for LTSB. Then mount the LTSC 2019 ISO, run setup.exe, and select “Keep personal files and apps.” Enter your LTSC 2019 product key when prompted. The installer will replace the OS binaries with LTSC 2019 while maintaining your environment.
Be aware that you cannot upgrade directly to mainstream Enterprise editions (like SAC builds) from LTSB/LTSC. The only supported in‑place upgrade is from one LTSC/LTSB release to the next. Also, if the system was originally installed as evaluation, you must convert it to a licensed edition first using DISM before attempting the upgrade.
In short, yes, you can upgrade in place from 2016 LTSB to 2019 LTSC, but it requires running the LTSC 2019 setup media with a valid license key. This is the supported Microsoft path and avoids a full rebuild.
I hope you've found something useful here. If it helps you get more insight into the issue, it's appreciated to accept the answer. Should you have more questions, feel free to leave a message. Have a nice day!
Domic Vo.